12 Professional Licenses Required by State and How to Start

2. Physician / Medical Doctor (MD or DO)

State medical licenses let physicians diagnose patients, prescribe medication, and perform procedures within that state’s legal scope. Typical requirements include an MD or DO degree from an accredited medical school, completion of an accredited residency, and passage of the USMLE (for MDs) or COMLEX (for DOs). State medical boards perform a primary source verification of medical school diplomas, residency training, and exam scores, and they usually require proof of malpractice insurance in many practice settings. Boards also review professional references and conduct background checks focused on disciplinary history. License renewal often requires demonstrating CME—continuing medical education—over a set cycle, which varies by state. Physicians who move between states should check interstate medical licensure compacts where available; these compacts simplify multi-state practice in participating states. For the most reliable steps, contact your state medical board for their specific application packet, required forms, and processing timelines.